When starting from the beginning in my Hindi studies, I learned an interesting concept about the arrangement of the Hindi alphabet: there is a reason the letters are in such an order. It is based on articulation of the consonants. I'm no linguist, but my understanding is that the consonants go in groups in this order: guttural; palatal; cerebral; dental; labial; approximant; fricative. Basically, but not entirely, this goes from the back of the throat (guttural) to the lips (labial). I'll lay it out in steps.
The first five consonants -- क, ख, ग, घ, ङ -- are guttural consonants (
Guttural). Guttural consonants are articulated in the throat. The first four are easy to say for a Midwestern American -- most of them, of at least.
क
ka, /k/
ख
kha, /kh/
क is said with no aspiration, i.e., with no puff of breath when you say it. That requires practice for me. When I say words like kite, I aspirate the k. ख is said with aspiration.
ग
ga, /g/
घ
gha, /gh/
Again, ग is said with no aspiration, घ is said with aspiration.
ङ
ṅa, /ŋ/
ङ is a nasal consonant. You'll never see it at the start of a word. You'll never see it on its own. You'll rarely see it in text.
| Stop | Nasal | Approximant | Fricative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unvoiced | Voiced | Unvoiced | Voiced | |||||
| Unaspirated | Aspirated | Unaspirated | Aspirated | Unaspirated | Aspirated | |||
| Guttural | क ka /k/ |
ख kha /kh/ |
ग ga /g/ |
घ gha /gh/ |
ङ ṅa /ŋ/ |
ह ha /h,ɦ/ |
||
| Palatal | च ca /c,ʧ/ |
छ cha /ch,ʧh/ |
ज ja /ɟ,ʤ/ |
झ jha /ɟh,ʤh/ |
ञ ña /ɲ/ |
य ya /j/ |
श śa /ɕ,ʃ/ |
|
| Cerebral | ट ṭa /ʈ/ |
ठ ṭha /ʈh/ |
ड ḍa /ɖ/ |
ढ ḍha /ɖh/ |
ण ṇa /ɳ/ |
र |
ष ṣa /ʂ/ |
|
| Dental | त ta /t̪/ |
थ tha /t̪h/ |
द da /d̪/ |
ध dha /d̪h/ |
न na /n/ |
ल la /l/ |
स sa /s/ |
|
| Labial | प pa /p/ |
फ pha /ph/ |
ब ba /b/ |
भ bha /bh/ |
म ma /m/ |
व va /ʋ/ |
||
I am archiving this information about the alphabet on the Hindi page: kirkkittell.com/language/hindi. More information from Wikipedia:
- Guttural consonants
- Sounds represented within /.../, e.g., /k/, are symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), which is extremely useful for me to understand how Hindi sounds.
- Sounds such as ka are transliterations from the International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) (IAST). It's simpler to understand than IPA.
ACHHA HAI
bhut bdiya hai .. ka kha gha
bhai mujhe hindi ka poora a to z chat chahiye
Nice
nice
kya yar mujhe to aata hi nahi hai
waooooooo hai to to...maja aya....
haan kya....aisa....badhiya h aish karo sab...
aap ko pata hogi to bhej do yaar
agar apko pata hogi to pleas bhej dijiye na
ACHCHA HAI SIR JI
very nice and easy
very easy and nice
K sa gaya tak likha kr dalo english with hindi