This is a companion post to a previous post that lists the consonants of the Punjabi alphabet. Or, in other words, now I can finally provide some closure to being able to read Punjabi. (Making sense of what I read, of course, is a totally different problem.) The first three letters of the alphabet -- ੳ, ਅ, and ੲ -- are not used by themselves. Each serves as a foundation on which independent vowels are formed. Vowels take two forms: (1) independent vowels, which stand alone or can be used as the first letter in a word, are formed by adding a vowel sign to one of the three bases; and (2) dependent vowels, which are formed by adding a vowel sign to a consonant (in the second case, the vowel can not be the first letter of the word).

Dependent Vowels

Independent Vowels

Key

• Generally, h denotes aspiration.
• For ਤ, ਥ, ਦ, and ਧ, t and d denote dental consonants, i.e., the tongue is placed behind the front teeth. ਟ, ਠ, ਡ, and ਢ, while ḍ and ṭ denote retroflex consonants, i.e., the tongue is placed further back in the mouth with its tip against the palate.
• The first three letters, ੳ, ਅ, and ੲ, are not used on their own. They are used in combination with dependent vowels to form independent vowels, e.g., ਉ is u, ਆ is ā, and ਈ is ī, however by themselves they represent nothing.
• Alphabetical order is left to right, down to the next row then left to right, etc.

Punjabi Alphabet

ਇੱਕੀ (ikkī) - twenty-one

ਬਾਈ (bāī) - twenty-two

ਤੇਈ (teī) - twenty-three

ਚੌਵੀ (cauvī) - twenty-four

ਪੰਝੀ (paṃjhī) - twenty-five

ਛੱਬੀ (chabbī) - twenty-six

ਸਤਾਈ (satāī) - twenty-seven

ਅਠਾਈ (aṭāī) - twenty-eight

ਉਨੱਤਈ (unattī) - twenty-nine

ਤੀਹ (tīh) - thirty

ਇੱਕਤੀ (ikkatī) - thirty-one

How did I develop this? (1) I used Punjabi-English/English-Punjabi Dictionary and (2) Teach Yourself Panjabi.

ਗਿਆਰਾਂ (giārāṃ) - eleven

ਬਾਰਾਂ (bārāṃ) - twelve

ਤੇਰਾਂ (terāṃ) - thirteen

ਚੌਦਾਂ (caudāṃ) - fourteen

ਪੰਦਰਾਂ (paṃdarāṃ) - fifteen

ਸੋਲਾਂ (solāṃ) - sixteen

ਸਤਾਰਾਂ (satārāṃ) - seventeen

ਅਠਾਰਾਂ (aṭhārāṃ) - eighteen

ਉੱਨੀ (unnī) - nineteen

ਵੀਹ (vīh) - twenty

How did I develop this? (1) I used Punjabi-English/English-Punjabi Dictionary and (2) Teach Yourself Panjabi.

ਮਹੀਨਾ (mahīnā) - m. month

ਜਨਵਰੀ (janvarī) - January

ਫਰਵਰੀ (farvarī) - February

ਮਾਰਚ (mārc) - March

ਅਪਰੈਲ (aprail) - April

ਮਈ (maī) - May

ਜੂਨ (jūn) - June

ਜੁਲਾਈ (julāī) - July

ਅਗਸਤ (agast) - August

ਸਤੰਬਰ (sataṃbar) - September

ਅਕਤੂਬਰ (aktūbar) - October

ਨਵੰਬਰ (navaṃbar) - November

ਦਸੰਬਰ (dasaṃbar) - December

How did I develop this? I used Teach Yourself Panjabi.

ਦਿਨ (din) - day

ਸੋਮਵਾਰ (somvār) - Monday

ਮਂਗਲਵਾਰ (maṃgalvār) - Tuesday

ਬੁਧਵਾਰ (budhvār) - Wednesday

ਵੀਰਵਾਰ (vīrvār) - Thursday

ਸ਼ੁੱਕਰਵਾਰ (shukravār) - Friday

ਸਨਿੱਚਰਵਾਰ (sanicharvār) - Saturday

ਐਤਵਾਰ (aitvār) - Sunday

How did I develop this? (1) I used Punjabi-English/English-Punjabi Dictionary and (2) Teach Yourself Panjabi.

ਿੲਕ (ik) - one

ਦੋ (do) - two

ਤਿੰਨ (tiṃn) - three

ਚਾਰ (cār) - four

ਪੰਜ (paṃj) - five

ਛੇ (che) - six

ਸੱਤ (sat) - seven

ਅੱਠ (aṭh) - eight

ਨੌਂ (nauṃ) - nine

ਦਸ (das) - ten

How did I develop this? I used Teach Yourself Panjabi.